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NEW QUESTION # 69
During an initial install of a controller-based WLAN, the APs are not locating the WLAN controller.
The controller is two router hops away from the nearest AP. DHCP is not used. When performing a packet trace, you see a DNS response code of 3 targeted at one of the APs.
What is the problem?

• A. The DNS server is not authoritative for the domain
• B. The router is not forwarding packets to the DNS server
• C. The authentication to the DNS server failed
• D. The controller host record has not been created in the DNS server

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 70
In which element of a Beacon frame would you look to identity the current HT protection mode in which an AP is operating?

• A. HT Operations Element
• B. ERP Information Element
• C. HT Protection Element
• D. HT Capabilities Element

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
The HT protection mode in which an AP is operating can be identified by looking at the HT Operations element in a Beacon frame. The HT Operations element is a part of the Beacon frame that contains information about the High Throughput (HT) capabilities and operation of an 802.11n BSS. The HT Operations element has a field called HT Protection, which indicates how the BSS protects its HT transmissions from interference or collisions with non-HT devices or BSSs. The HT Protection field can have four values: No Protection, Nonmember Protection, 20 MHz Protection, or Non-HT Mixed Mode. The other options are not correct, as they do not contain information about the HT protection mode. The HT Protection element does not exist, the ERP Information element is used for Extended Rate PHY (ERP) protection mode for 802.11g devices, and the HT Capabilities element is used for indicating the supported HT features of an individual device. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 125-126

NEW QUESTION # 71
What action is taken automatically by 802.11 APs and client STAs as the signal strength of the link weakens in order to improve the quality of the RF communications overall?

• A. Data rates are reduced
• B. RSSI is increased
• C. Output power is increased
• D. Antenna gain is increased

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 72
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create what type of data unit?

• A. PPDU
• B. MSDU
• C. MPDU
• D. PSDU

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create a PPDU. A PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) is the data unit that is transmitted or received over the wireless medium by the PHY layer. A PPDU consists of a PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit) and a PHY header, which contains information such as modulation, coding, and data rate. The PHY layer adds the PHY header to the PSDU to create a PPDU for transmission, or removes the PHY header from the PPDU to extract the PSDU for reception. The other options are not correct, as they are not created by adding a header at the PHY layer. An MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) is created by adding a MAC header and FCS to an MSDU (MAC Service Data Unit) at the MAC layer. An MSDU is the data unit that is passed from the LLC sublayer to the MAC sublayer or vice versa. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 97-98

NEW QUESTION # 73
You require 802.11ac capture solution.
You want to capture using native operating system tools if possible.
What operating system has built-in ability to capture 802.11ac frames assuming it is running on the appropriate laptop hardware?

• A. Windows 7
• B. Mac OS X
• C. Windows 8.1
• D. Windows 10

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 74
How many frames make up the Group Key Handshake excluding any Ack frames that may be required?

• A. 0
• B. 1
• C. 2
• D. 3

Answer: C

Explanation:
The Group Key Handshake consists of two frames excluding any Ack frames that may be required. The Group Key Handshake is used to distribute and update the Group Temporal Key (GTK) for encrypting broadcast and multicast traffic. The AP initiates the Group Key Handshake by sending a Group Key Message 1 frame to a STA, which contains the new GTK and other information. The STA responds with a Group Key Message 2 frame to the AP, which confirms the receipt of the GTK and other information. After this, both the AP and the STA can use the new GTK for encryption and decryption of broadcast and multicast traffic.

NEW QUESTION # 75
What is the default 802.11 authentication method for a STA when using Pre-RSNA?

• A. Open System
• B. 4-Way Handshake
• C. Shared Key
• D. PSK

Answer: A

Explanation:
The default 802.11 authentication method for a STA when using Pre-RSNA is Open System. This is the simplest and most common authentication method, which does not provide any security or encryption. In Open System authentication, the STA sends an Authentication Request frame to the AP, and the AP responds with an Authentication Response frame with a status code of success. After this, the STA can proceed to association with the AP.

NEW QUESTION # 76
When performing protocol analysis, you notice a high number of RTS/CTS frames being transmitted on an HT network. You suspect this may be due to HT protection mechanisms.
Where in the Beacon frame would you look to determine which one of the four HT protection modes the AP is operating in?

• A. HT Operation Element
• B. HT Protection Element
• C. HT Information Element
• D. Non-HT Present Element

Answer: C

Explanation:
When performing protocol analysis, you would look at the HT Information Element in the Beacon frame to determine which one of the four HT protection modes the AP is operating in. The HT Information Element contains various subfields that provide information about the HT network configuration and operation. One of these subfields is the HT Protection field, which indicates whether any protection mechanisms are required for mixed-mode operation with non-HT STAs.
The four possible values for this field are:
No Protection: No protection mechanisms are required.
Non-member Protection: RTS/CTS or CTS-to-self protection is required for all HT transmissions.
20 MHz Protection: RTS/CTS or CTS-to-self protection is required for all HT transmissions using a 40 MHz channel.
Non-HT Mixed Mode: All HT transmissions must use a non-HT preamble and header.

NEW QUESTION # 77
What is the function of the PHY layer?

• A. Convert PSDUs to PPDUs for transmissions and PPDUs to PSDUs for receptions
• B. Convert MSDUs to PPDUs for transmissions and PPDUs to MSDUs for receptions
• C. Convert PPDUs to PSDUs for transmissions and PSDUs to PPDUs for receptions
• D. Convert PPDUs to MSDUs for transmissions and MSDUs to PPDUs for receptions

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
The function of the PHY layer is to convert PSDUs to PPDUs for transmissions and PPDUs to PSDUs for receptions. A PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit) is the data unit that is passed from the MAC layer to the PHY layer for transmission, or from the PHY layer to the MAC layer for reception. A PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) is the data unit that is transmitted or received over the wireless medium by the PHY layer. A PPDU consists of a PSDU and a PHY header, which contains information such as modulation, coding, and data rate.
The PHY layer adds or removes the PHY header to or from the PSDU during the conversion process. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 97-98

NEW QUESTION # 78
Which one of the following should be the first step when troubleshooting a WLAN issue?

• A. Perform an initial WLAN scan and see if any obvious issues stand out
• B. Identify capture locations
• C. Define the problem
• D. Identify probable causes

Answer: C

Explanation:
The first step in any troubleshooting process is to define the problem. This involves gathering information from various sources, such as users, network administrators, network documentation, and network monitoring tools. Defining the problem helps to narrow down the scope of the issue and identify the symptoms, causes, and effects of the problem.

NEW QUESTION # 79
What does the value of the Listen Interval field in an Association request frame indicate?

• A. How often a STA in power save mode wakes up to listen to Beacon frames
• B. How long a STA performing active scanning will listen for Probe Responses before changing channels
• C. How often a STA will go off channel to look for other BSSs
• D. How long a STA waits for an Ack before retransmitting the frame

Answer: A

Explanation:
The value of the Listen Interval field in an Association Request frame indicates how often a STA in power save mode wakes up to listen to Beacon frames. The Listen Interval is expressed in units of Beacon Intervals (typically 100 TU or 102.4 ms). For example, if the Listen Interval is set to 10, it means that the STA will wake up every 10 Beacon Intervals (or about 1 second) to check for buffered frames at the AP. The Listen Interval is used by the AP to determine how long it can hold frames for a STA in power save mode before discarding them.

NEW QUESTION # 80
You view a protocol analyzer capture decode with the following protocol frames listed in the following order (excluding the ACK frames):
1) 802.11 Probe Request and 802.11 Probe Response
2) 802.11 Auth and another 802.11 Auth
3) 802.11 Assoc Req and 802.11 Assoc Rsp
4) EAPOL-Start
5) EAP Request and EAP Response
6) EAP Request and EAP Response
7) EAP Request and EAP Response
8) EAP Request and EAP Response
9) EAP Request and EAP Response
10) EAP Success 19) EAPOL-Key (4 frames in a row)
What are you seeing in the capture file?

• A. Wi-Fi Protected Setup with PIN
• B. WPA2-Personal authentication
• C. WPA2-Enterprise authentication
• D. 802.1X with Dynamic WEP

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 81
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create what type of data unit?

• A. PPDU
• B. MSDU
• C. MPDU
• D. PSDU

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create a PPDU. A PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) is the data unit that is transmitted or received over the wireless medium by the PHY layer. A PPDU consists of a PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit) and a PHY header, which contains information such as modulation, coding, and data rate. The PHY layer adds the PHY header to the PSDU to create a PPDU for transmission, or removes the PHY header from the PPDU to extract the PSDU for reception. The other options are not correct, as they are not created by adding a header at the PHY layer. An MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) is created by adding a MAC header and FCS to an MSDU (MAC Service Data Unit) at the MAC layer. An MSDU is the data unit that is passed from the LLC sublayer to the MAC sublayer or vice versa. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 97-98

NEW QUESTION # 82
How many frames are exchanged for 802.11 authentication in the 6 GHz band when WPA3- Enterprise is not used, and a passphrase is used instead?

• A. 0
• B. 1
• C. 2
• D. 3

Answer: C

Explanation:
Two frames are exchanged for 802.11 authentication in the 6 GHz band when WPA3-Enterprise is not used, and a passphrase is used instead. Authentication is a process that establishes an identity relationship between a STA (station) and an AP (access point) before joining a BSS (Basic Service Set). There are two types of authentication methods defined by 802.11: Open System Authentication and Shared Key Authentication. Open System Authentication does not require any credentials or security information from a STA to join a BSS, and it consists of two frames: an Authentication Request frame sent by the STA to the AP, and an Authentication Response frame sent by the AP to the STA. Shared Key Authentication requires a shared secret key from a STA to join a BSS, and it consists of four frames: two challenge-response frames in addition to the request-response frames. However, Shared Key Authentication uses WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) as its encryption algorithm, which is insecure and deprecated. In the 6 GHz band, which is a newly available frequency band for WLANs, Shared Key Authentication is prohibited by the 802.11 standard, as it poses security and interference risks for other users and services in the band. The 6 GHz band requires all WLANs to use WPA3- Personal or WPA3- Enterprise encryption methods, which are more secure and robust than previous encryption methods such as WPA2 or WEP. WPA3-Personal uses a passphrase to derive a PMK (Pairwise Master Key), while WPA3-Enterprise uses an authentication server to obtain a PMK. Both methods use SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals) as their authentication protocol, which replaces PSK (Pre-Shared Key) or EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol). SAE consists of two frames: an SAE Commit frame sent by both parties to exchange elliptic curve parameters and nonces, and an SAE Confirm frame sent by both parties to verify each other's identities and generate a PMK. Therefore, when WPA3-Enterprise is not used, and a passphrase is used instead in the 6 GHz band, only two frames are exchanged for 802.11 authentication: an SAE Commit frame and an SAE Confirm frame.

NEW QUESTION # 83
Which common feature of a Spectrum Analyzer would be the best to help you locate a non-802.11 interference source?

• A. Max hold
• B. Min hold
• C. Location filter
• D. Device finder

Answer: D

Explanation:
Explanation
The device finder is a common feature of a spectrum analyzer that helps locate a non-802.11 interference source. The device finder uses a directional antenna to measure the signal strength of a specific frequency or signal source. By pointing the antenna in different directions, the device finder can indicate the direction and distance of the interference source. The device finder can also filter out other signals that are not related to the interference source. The other options are not correct, as they do not help locate a non-802.11 interference source. Max hold and min hold are features that show the maximum and minimum RF power levels over time,respectively. Location filter is a feature that filters out signals that are not from a specific location or area. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 3: Spectrum Analysis, page 77-78

NEW QUESTION # 84
What is the formula used to calculate the Duration field value in an RTS frame?

• A. RTS Duration field = Data or management frame to be sent duration + CTS duration + one ACK duration + three SIFS
• B. RTS Duration field = Data or management frame to be sent duration + CTS duration
• C. RTS Duration field = CTS duration
• D. RTS Duration field = Data or management to be sent frame duration

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 85
What IEEE 802.11 technology is illustrated by the exhibit?

• A. A-MSDU
• B. U-APSD
• C. Fragmentation
• D. TCP Fragment Bursting
• E. A-MPDU
• F. Jumbo frames

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 86
A manager at a retail outlet has complained that an incident occurred allowing a STA to launch an attack against another STA connected to their public Wi-Fi hotspot. He has asked you to troubleshoot the situation and verify that all possible measured are being taken to prevent this.
What configuration should you check in the AP?

• A. DNS settings
• B. Captive portal Internet gateway
• C. Client-to-client direct communications
• D. Inter-VAP filtering

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 87
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